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Catheter-Integrated Fractal Microelectronics for Low-Voltage Ablation and Minimally Invasive Sensing.

Mengfei Xu1,2, Ziliang Song3, Quan Peng1,2

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

ACS Sensors
|April 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces low-voltage pulse field ablation (PFA) using fractal microelectrodes for atrial fibrillation treatment. The novel catheter design enhances ablation depth and safety by selectively targeting heart tissue.

Keywords:
fractallow voltagemicroelectrodeminimally invasivepulsed field ablation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Device Innovation

Background:

  • Pulse field ablation (PFA) is a safer alternative to radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation.
  • Current PFA methods use high voltages and lack integrated sensing capabilities.
  • Existing millimeter-scale electrodes are rigid and adapted from radiofrequency ablation technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel low-voltage PFA system using fractal microelectronics and biomedical catheters.
  • To integrate electrode-tissue contact detection and electrocardiogram recording into the PFA catheter.
  • To enhance the safety and efficacy of PFA for clinical translation.

Main Methods:

  • Combination of fractal microelectronics with biomedical catheters for PFA.
  • Utilizing low-voltage electrical pulses (300 V) with a fractal electrode configuration.
  • Conducting in vivo ablation experiments on living beagles with voltage mapping and electrical pacing.

Main Results:

  • Fractal configuration increased ablation depth by 38.6% at 300 V, a significant improvement over current high-voltage methods.
  • Demonstrated successful blockage of electrical conduction in beagles.
  • Provided the first evidence of selective cardiomyocyte ablation without nerve or blood vessel damage.

Conclusions:

  • The developed low-voltage PFA system with fractal microelectrodes offers enhanced efficacy and safety.
  • This technology significantly improves the safety profile of PFA by sparing non-target tissues.
  • The findings support the clinical translation of this innovative PFA approach in cardiac electrophysiology.