Spectrum of Neurological Complications in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

This systematic review comprehensively analyzes the neurological complications associated with Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), focusing on peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation. Eight studies, published between 2010 and 2024, were meticulously selected, encompassing a range of study designs, patient populations, and diagnostic methodologies. The findings highlight the substantial burden of neurological manifestations in SS, with peripheral neuropathy identified as the most prevalent complication, followed by cognitive impairment and CNS vasculitis. The review underscores the critical need for standardized diagnostic criteria and outcome measures to facilitate early detection and effective intervention. Although some studies report promising results regarding the efficacy of immunotherapy and other therapeutic approaches, the absence of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) significantly hampers the ability to establish definitive treatment guidelines. Additionally, this review highlights the importance of accounting for confounding factors, such as comorbid conditions, in understanding disease progression and treatment efficacy. It calls for further research to investigate innovative therapeutic options and develop personalized treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of SS patients with neurological complications.