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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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In vitro Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation Using Four-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Intracranial pulse wave velocity using 4D flow MRI: method comparison and covariate analysis.

Sergio Dempsey¹, Soroush Safaei¹, Samantha J Holdsworth^2,3

¹Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, 70 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

Interface Focus

|April 7, 2025

Summary

Intracranial pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurement using 4D flow MRI shows that cross-correlation and waveform optimization methods agree well. This study found higher PWV in internal carotids than basilar arteries and no age dependency in healthy individuals.

Keywords:

4D flow arterial stiffness cerebral blood flow magnetic resonance imaging pulse wave velocity

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Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Pulse Wave Velocity Testing in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Published on: February 7, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Intracranial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a promising biomarker for cerebrovascular disease assessment.
Current methods for intracranial PWV measurement lack standardized comparison and consensus.
4D flow MRI offers a non-invasive approach to evaluate intracranial hemodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare three common intracranial PWV measurement techniques: cross-correlation, waveform optimization, and time-to-upstroke.
To analyze PWV in intracranial vasculature (internal carotids and basilar arteries) in healthy individuals.
To investigate the relationship between intracranial PWV and age.

Main Methods:

Utilized 4D flow MRI to measure PWV in the intracranial arteries of 21 healthy adults (age 48 ± 18 years).
Compared cross-correlation, waveform optimization, and time-to-upstroke methods for PWV calculation.
Employed an ensemble approach to analyze cohort PWV data, considering methodological variations.

Main Results:

Cross-correlation and waveform optimization methods demonstrated near-perfect agreement for intracranial PWV.
The time-to-upstroke method yielded significantly higher PWV values and more non-physiological results.
Internal carotid arteries exhibited higher PWV (3.64 ± 1.47 m/s) compared to basilar arteries (2.53 ± 1.39 m/s).
Intracranial PWV was found to be age-independent in the studied cohort.

Conclusions:

Cross-correlation and waveform optimization are reliable methods for intracranial PWV assessment via 4D flow MRI.
Higher PWV in internal carotids suggests regional hemodynamic differences within the intracranial circulation.
The observed age independence of intracranial PWV may represent a protective physiological mechanism against microvascular strain.
Future research should address potential biases in previous intracranial PWV studies, possibly related to extracranial measurements.