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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

290
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
290
Arteries of the Lower Limbs01:24

Arteries of the Lower Limbs

171
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

258
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
258

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Severe, uncontrolled epilepsy in pregnancy: A population-based case-control study.

Bryn Kemp1, Andrew Kelso2, David Williams3

  • 1Maternity Department, Royal Berkshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, RG1 5AN, UK.

NIHR Open Research
|April 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Women with severe epilepsy during pregnancy face higher risks, particularly those hospitalized for seizures beforehand. Early planning and specialist care are crucial for better outcomes in epilepsy management during pregnancy.

Keywords:
EpilepsyUK Obstetric Surveillance Systemmanagementmaternal morbidityoutcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Obstetrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common serious neurological condition in pregnancy, affecting 1% of the UK population.
  • Comparing outcomes for severe, uncontrolled epilepsy versus well-controlled epilepsy during pregnancy is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare characteristics, management, and outcomes of severe, uncontrolled epilepsy in pregnancy with well-controlled epilepsy.
  • To identify risk factors associated with severe epilepsy and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case-control study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS).
  • Defined severe epilepsy as hospital admission for seizures, ≥3 antiepileptic medications, or epilepsy-related death.
  • Compared pre-pregnancy control and outcomes between 94 cases and 186 controls using multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Women with severe epilepsy were more likely to have been admitted for seizure management in the prior year (aOR=7.38) and had recent seizures (aOR=5.86).
  • Severe epilepsy cases had a significantly higher risk of preterm birth (before 37 weeks) (aOR=7.61).

Conclusions:

  • Hospital admission for seizure management in the year before pregnancy indicates higher risk for severe epilepsy and preterm birth.
  • Prioritize women at high risk for pregnancy planning discussions and specialist review during pregnancy.
  • Clinicians must emphasize pregnancy planning and contraception for all women with epilepsy.