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Decoding E-Cigarette Secrets: Unveiling Saliva and E-Liquid Composition through Fourier-Transform Infrared

Bruna Fernandes do Carmo Carvalho1, Letícia Foiani2, Gabriela Zucco1

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Electronic cigarette use alters saliva composition, increasing polysaccharides and amino acids while decreasing esterases. These changes may negatively impact oral health and increase risks for serious diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health Research
  • Biochemistry
  • Spectroscopy Analysis

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are increasingly popular, raising concerns about their impact on oral health.
  • The effects of e-cig vapor on salivary composition are not well understood.
  • Nicotine dependence from e-cigs is a growing public health issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in salivary composition among electronic cigarette users.
  • To analyze e-liquid composition before and after use.
  • To identify potential health risks associated with e-cig-induced salivary changes.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze saliva and e-liquid samples.
  • Saliva samples were collected from 25 e-cig users and 25 nonusers.
  • Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed for sample differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Saliva from e-cig users showed significantly higher concentrations of polysaccharides, aromatic amino acids, and inorganic phosphates.
  • E-cigarette users exhibited lower concentrations of esterases in their saliva.
  • No significant changes were detected in e-liquid composition after use.
  • PLS-DA achieved >90% accuracy in distinguishing between user groups.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarette use leads to distinct changes in salivary composition.
  • These salivary alterations may contribute to increased risks of systemic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term health implications and identify biomarkers for e-cig-related oral health issues.