Derivatives of Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Prospective Cancer Agents

Five pyrazole-based compounds, 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole, L1; 3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole, L2; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole, L3; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole, L4; and 3,5-ditert-butyl-1H-pyrazole, L5 were synthesized from a typical condensation reaction of β-diketone derivatives with hydrazine hydrate reagent and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-vis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy. L1 was further analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and the N1-N1' bond distance was found to be 1.361(3) Å and correlated well with other pyrazole-based compounds. The short-term cytotoxicity of 10 μM pyrazole compounds (L1-L5) was evaluated against pancreatic (CFPAC-1 and PANC-1), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), and cervical (CaSki and HeLa) cancer cell lines using the MTT cell viability assay. Cisplatin and gemcitabine were included as positive control drugs followed by the determination of the half-maximal effective concentrations of prospective compounds. L2 and L3, respectively, displayed moderate cytotoxicity against CFPAC-1 (61.7 ± 4.9 μM) and MCF-7 (81.48 ± 0.89 μM) cell lines.