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According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
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Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
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Updated: May 15, 2025

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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2D Benzothiophene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Iodine Capture.

Jing An1, Bizhen Yuan1, Xiaodan Lv1

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, 519040, P. R. China.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|April 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Novel covalent organic frameworks (COFs) effectively capture iodine, a significant environmental threat. JUC-701 shows superior performance due to enhanced interactions with iodine molecules.

Keywords:
covalent organic frameworkshigh surface areaiodine adsorptionporous materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Radioactive iodine leakage poses risks to ecosystems and human health.
  • Effective and recyclable iodine capture materials are crucial for environmental remediation and nuclear waste management.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer high surface areas, tunable pores, and chemical stability, making them promising for adsorption applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel benzotrithiophene (BTT)-based COFs for iodine capture.
  • To evaluate the iodine adsorption performance of the synthesized COFs.
  • To investigate the structural and chemical factors influencing iodine capture efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two novel COFs, JUC-700 and JUC-701, based on benzotrithiophene (BTT).
  • Characterization of COF properties including surface area, pore size, and heteroatom content.
  • Experimental measurement of iodine adsorption capacities.
  • Theoretical calculations to understand the interaction mechanisms between COFs and iodine molecules.

Main Results:

  • Both JUC-700 and JUC-701 exhibited high surface areas (2004.9 and 1990.5 m² g⁻¹) and mesoporous structures (≈2.6 nm).
  • JUC-701 demonstrated a superior iodine adsorption capacity (6.17 g g⁻¹) compared to JUC-700 (4.73 g g⁻¹).
  • Theoretical calculations confirmed that pyridinic nitrogen in JUC-701 significantly enhances interactions with iodine molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized BTT-based COFs show excellent potential for iodine capture applications.
  • JUC-701's enhanced iodine affinity, attributed to pyridinic nitrogen, makes it a highly effective material.
  • This research provides valuable insights for designing functionalized COFs for environmental remediation and nuclear waste management.