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Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Effort drives saccade selection.

Damian Koevoet¹, Laura Van Zantwijk¹, Marnix Naber¹

¹Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

|April 7, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Eye movements are guided by minimizing effort. The brain prioritizes saccade directions with lower "saccade costs," adapting this behavior based on cognitive demand and search tasks.

Keywords:

cost decision-making effort human humans neuroscience pupil size saccade selection

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Last Updated: May 15, 2025

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Published on: March 18, 2019

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Psychology

Background:

Pupil size is a known indicator of cognitive effort.
Previous research established pupil size as a marker for saccade effort ('saccade costs').

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if 'saccade costs' critically influence saccade selection.
To determine if this principle applies during complex visual search tasks.
To examine how changing cognitive demand affects saccade behavior.

Main Methods:

Participants chose between saccade directions with varying associated costs.
Eye movements were tracked during search in natural scenes.
Cognitive demand was manipulated using an auditory counting task.

Main Results:

The direction with the least 'saccade cost' was consistently preferred.
This preference held true even during natural scene search.
Increased cognitive load reduced saccade frequency and particularly costly saccades.

Conclusions:

Saccade costs are a primary driver of eye movement selection.
The eye-movement system flexibly allocates resources with other cognitive functions.
Eye movement behavior is optimized to minimize inherent effort.