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Immunisation status of children under 2 years of age visiting Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan: a
Jehan Hussan1, Laiba Gul2, Mehran Ali3
1Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Insights
Childhood immunisation rates are suboptimal, with only 43.3% of children fully vaccinated. Targeted interventions are crucial for improving vaccination coverage, especially in rural and less educated populations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Childhood immunisation is critical for preventing infectious diseases.
- Suboptimal immunisation rates pose a significant public health challenge.
- Understanding determinants of immunisation is key to improving coverage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the immunisation status of children under 2 years.
- To identify factors associated with non-immunisation.
- To explore the relationship between immunisation status and sociodemographic variables.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar.
- Sample size of 363 children under 2 years, determined by WHO formula.
- Immunisation data verified via vaccination cards; sociodemographic factors collected.
Main Results:
- Only 43.3% of children were fully immunised.
- 32.5% were partially immunised, and 24.2% were unimmunised.
- Sociodemographic factors like maternal education and residence were assessed.
Conclusions:
- Childhood immunisation status in the study area is unsatisfactory.
- Universal immunisation coverage requires sustained and targeted efforts.
- Interventions should focus on rural and less educated communities.
Objective:
The study was conducted to determine the immunisation status of children under 2 years of age, assess the determinants of non-immunisation and evaluate the association between immunisation status and various sociodemographic factors.
Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at the outpatient department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, over a period of 4 months. A convenience sampling technique was used and the sample size was calculated using the WHO sample size formula, resulting in n=363. A semistructured questionnaire was used to measure the primary outcome, which was the immunisation status of children under 2 years of age. Immunisation data were verified through vaccination cards to ensure accuracy and minimise recall bias. The questionnaire also collected information on sociodemographic factors, including maternal education, place of residence and household income. Statistical analysis was done at the end of the study using SPSS (V.25).
Results:
According to the vaccination card, it was found that 43.3% of the children were fully immunised, 32.5% of the children were partially immunised and the percentage of unimmunised children was 24.2.
Conclusion:
We found that the immunisation status of children was not satisfactory. Sustained efforts are required to achieve universal coverage of immunisation. Significant interventions are required, especially in areas that are more rural and less educated.
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