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Causal relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and coronary heart disease: A bi-directional two-sample

Xingping Li1, Wenqing Wang2, Huanyu Liu1

  • 1Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|April 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Higher vitamin D levels may protect against coronary heart disease (CHD). This study suggests vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) is a protective factor, while CHD may influence vitamin D levels.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a primary cause of major cardiovascular events, including acute myocardial infarction.
  • Existing research on the link between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and CHD is largely observational, posing risks of bias.
  • Investigating the causal relationship between 25(OH)D levels and CHD is crucial for understanding cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal interaction between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
  • To utilize Mendelian randomization to overcome limitations of observational studies in assessing the 25(OH)D-CHD relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization design was employed.
  • Utilized large-scale genetic data from the FinnGen database for CHD cases (n=21,012) and controls (n=197,780).
  • Employed data from the GWAS Catalog for serum 25(OH)D levels in a European population (n=417,580).

Main Results:

  • Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and CHD risk (P < 0.05).
  • Increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of developing CHD.
  • Conversely, higher CHD risk was linked to lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P = 0.04).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration appears to be a protective factor against coronary heart disease.
  • The findings suggest a potential bidirectional relationship, where CHD may also influence human serum 25(OH)D levels.
  • This Mendelian randomization study provides stronger evidence for the protective role of vitamin D in cardiovascular health.
Abstract

Keywords:
25 hydroxyvitamin DCoronary heart diseaseInverse variance weightingMendelian randomization studyRelationship

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