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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk of Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection: A Retrospective Multi-Institution Cohort
Sunny Ssu-Yu Chen1,2,3, Tina Ting-An Lin1,3, Yi-Lin Chiang4
1School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Journal of Medical Virology
|April 8, 2025
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly increases the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection and severe complications. OSA patients face higher rates of RSV infection, respiratory failure, hospitalization, and critical care admission.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition impacting respiratory health.
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen with potential for severe outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.
- To evaluate the risk of severe RSV-related complications in patients with OSA.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX US Collaborative Database.
- 1,061,261 patients with OSA were matched with 3,479,494 controls using propensity score matching.
- Follow-up ranged from 1 day to 1 year post-index, with outcomes identified via ICD-10-CM codes.
Main Results:
- Patients with OSA had a significantly higher incidence of RSV infection (0.18% vs. 0.08%, HR: 2.194).
- OSA was associated with increased risks of respiratory failure (HR: 1.291), hospitalization (HR: 1.114), and critical care admission (HR: 1.329).
- Sensitivity and subgroup analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings.
Conclusions:
- Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to an elevated risk of RSV infection.
- OSA patients face a higher likelihood of severe RSV-related complications.
- Further research is warranted to consider OSA patients as a high-risk group for RSV.
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