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Immunomodulatory mediators IL-33, soluble ST2, IL-10, IFN-<i>γ</i> in the serum of patients with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Prognostic significance of IL-33 and ST2 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review.

Swetha Acharya1, Usha Hegde1, Anirudh Balakrishna Acharya2

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Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) signaling in head and neck cancer promotes tumor growth. Targeting this IL-33/ST2 axis may improve patient outcomes.

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IL-33ST2carcinoma associated fibroblastshead and neck squamous cell carcinomaprognosisregulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-33 (IL-33) and Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) are implicated in various cancers.
  • Their precise role in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) prognosis requires further elucidation.
  • Understanding the IL-33/ST2 axis is crucial for potential therapeutic strategies in HNSCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of differentially expressed IL-33 and ST2 as novel biomarkers in HNSCC.
  • To investigate the clinical significance of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in HNSCC progression.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of literature from Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed (Jan 2013 - Jul 2023).
  • Analysis of nine observational studies, predominantly from Southeast Asia.
  • Focused on IL-33 and ST2 expression in tumor tissues and their correlation with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • IL-33, mainly in the stroma and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), correlates with poor prognosis and metastasis in HNSCC.
  • ST2 is expressed on tumor cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • Elevated ST2 on Tregs alongside IL-33-expressing CAFs is linked to poorer survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The IL-33/ST2 axis significantly influences the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and aggressiveness.
  • IL-33, via CAFs, drives cancer invasiveness through paracrine and autocrine signaling.
  • IL-33 and ST2 show promise as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HNSCC, though serum levels warrant further study.