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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

45
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
45

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Mapping Along-Tract White Matter Microstructural Differences in Autism.

Gaon S Kim1, Bramsh Q Chandio1, Sebastian M Benavidez1

  • 1Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1670 Mindanao Way, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292 USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|April 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism is linked to widespread white matter changes, affecting nearly all major brain tracts. Advanced imaging analysis reveals precise microstructural differences across the brain in autistic individuals.

Keywords:
autismdiffusion MRIdiffusion tensor imagingtractometrywhite matter microstructure

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research

Background:

  • Previous diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies show inconsistent white matter alterations in autism.
  • Conventional dMRI methods (e.g., DTI) have limitations in mapping microstructural details and complex fiber structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate white matter microstructure alterations in autism using advanced dMRI analysis.
  • To precisely map microstructural differences in commissural and association tracts in autistic individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BUndle ANalytics (BUAN), an along-tract analytic approach.
  • Employed the tensor distribution function (TDF) advanced microstructure model.
  • Analyzed dMRI data from 365 autistic and neurotypical participants (ages 5-24) across 10 cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Autism associated with reduced fractional anisotropy and increased diffusivity in localized regions of most commissural and association tracts.
  • Affected tracts connect frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital brain regions.
  • Findings demonstrate spatially precise mapping of microstructural properties.

Conclusions:

  • White matter microstructure alterations in autism are widespread and specific to localized regions within tracts.
  • Advanced dMRI methods (BUAN and TDF) enable robust and precise characterization of these alterations.
  • These findings highlight the distributed nature of white matter differences in autism.