Polygenic Associations between Motor Behaviour, Neuromotor Traits, and Active Music Engagement in Four Cohorts

Phenotypic investigations have shown that actively engaging with music, i.e., playing a musical instrument or singing may be protective of motor decline in aging. For example, music training associated with enhanced sensorimotor skills accompanied by changes in brain structure and function. Although it is possible that the benefits of active music engagement "transfer" to benefits in the motor domain, it is also possible that the genetic architecture of motor behaviour and the motor system structure may influence active music engagement. This study investigated whether polygenic scores (PGS) for five behavioural motor traits, 12 neuromotor structural brain traits, and seven rates of change in brain structure traits trained from existing discovery genome-wide association studies (GWAS) predict active music engagement outcomes in four independent cohorts of unrelated individuals of European ancestry: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; N=22,198), Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS; N=4,605), Vanderbilt's BioVU Repository (BioVU; N=6,150), and Vanderbilt's Online Musicality study (OM; N=1,559). Results were meta-analyzed for each PGS main effect across outcomes and cohorts, revealing that PGS for a faster walking pace was associated with higher amounts of active music engagement. Within CLSA, a higher PGS for walking pace was associated with greater odds of engaging with music. Findings suggest a shared genetic architecture between motor function and active music engagement. Future intervention-based research should consider the genetic underpinnings of motor behavior when evaluating the effects of music engagement on motor function across the lifespan.