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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

337
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Facile Preparation and Photoactivation of Prodrug-Dye Nanoassemblies
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Bacteria-responsive cytoderm drug delivery systems.

Chenmeng Zhou1, Yue Zhang1, Bo Tian2

  • 1Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China. cwang@suda.edu.cn.

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Plant cytoderm ghosts (PCGs) offer a novel bacteria-responsive drug delivery system (DDS). These PCGs release drugs upon encountering bacterial activity, showing promise for wound repair and tumor growth regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial activity is implicated in various disease models.
  • Developing targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) that respond to specific biological cues remains a significant challenge in medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate plant cytoderm ghosts (PCGs) as a novel bacteria-responsive drug delivery system.
  • To investigate the efficacy of PCGs loaded with ciprofloxacin (PCG@CIP) for wound repair and explore their potential in regulating tumor growth.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of plant cytoderm ghosts (PCGs) from plant cells.
  • Loading PCGs with ciprofloxacin (PCG@CIP) for antibacterial studies.
  • Evaluating the drug release mechanism triggered by bacterial enzymes that degrade cellulose.
  • Assessing the therapeutic effects of PCG@CIP on bacterial inhibition and wound healing in a preclinical model.
  • Investigating the impact of PCG-based drug delivery on tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • PCGs demonstrated bacteria-responsive drug release due to cellulose degradation by bacterial enzymes.
  • PCG@CIP effectively inhibited bacterial proliferation and retention at infection sites, improving the wound microenvironment and accelerating repair.
  • The PCG platform loaded with anticancer drugs showed potential in regulating tumor growth progression.

Conclusions:

  • Plant cytoderm ghosts represent a promising new class of bacteria-responsive drug delivery systems.
  • This approach offers a novel strategy for targeted drug delivery, particularly in infectious diseases and oncology, by leveraging the host's microbiota.
  • The findings provide a new option for microbiota-responsive drug delivery, with potential applications in accelerating wound repair and managing tumor growth.