A new approach for the implementation of ergonomics in sonography to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders...

A substantial body of research has documented a high prevalence of neck, shoulder, wrist, and back pain among sonography users. However, the specific postures that contribute to these complaints have scarcely been systematically investigated, to date. This proposed study offers a novel method to record users' body posture during sonography examinations kinematically and to survey the complaints of sonography users in various specialities. Using this data, well-founded ergonomic recommendations for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) will be developed.

A minimum of 38 study participants across two groups (19 beginners; 19 experienced) per speciality (head and neck sonography, abdominal sonography, cardiac sonography, musculoskeletal sonography, and obstetric/gynaecological sonography) will be assessed using kinematic whole-body (including finger movements) analysis based on inertial motion capture. Subsequently, ergonomic risk will be determined by integrating the quantitative data into the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Moreover, a questionnaire on musculoskeletal complaints and ergonomics in sonography will be used in certified sonography courses, ultrasound-based centres, and university teaching. The primary outcome measures of this proposed study include typical tasks based on joint angles and assessment using RULA scores. In addition, the prevalence of WRMSDs will be recorded. The Mann-Whitney-U test will be employed to calculate the differences between the two study groups in each speciality. In addition, inferential statistical comparisons will be conducted for continuous data using confidence bands; the statistical parametric mapping method will be employed here. The significance level will be set at p = 0.05.

This article proposes a study (or series of studies) to describe the continuous ergonomic risk for typical tasks across different disciplines of sonography and to identify increased ergonomic risks. Such studies offer significant potential for preventing WRMSDs. The insights gained could inform the future design of prevention programmes and the development of recommendations for action, as well as teaching sonography users an ergonomically optimised way of working. The results could suggest that ergonomics training is incorporated more thoroughly into ultrasound training curricula to minimise health risks for future users.