How short peptides interact with oral cells? A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Oral Biology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Short peptides offer unique biological properties including antibacterial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects.
• They also show potential in tissue regeneration and stem cell differentiation for dental applications.
• This systematic review analyzes the role of short peptides in oral disease pathogenesis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the literature on short peptides in dentistry.
• To analyze their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral diseases.
• To identify key peptides and their functions in oral cavity cells and tissues.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search following PRISMA statement and PICO(S) approach.
• Inclusion of English-language in vitro studies from major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).
• Screening of 1085 articles, with a final selection of 9 relevant studies after rigorous analysis and exclusion of outdated methodologies.

Main Results:

• Eight in vitro studies on short peptides with diverse functions in oral cells and tissues were included.
• Four studies demonstrated positive influence on oral cell proliferation.
• Two studies highlighted antitumor activity, one showed antimicrobial effects (DJK-15), and another indicated anti-inflammatory properties (Pep-B).

Conclusions:

• Short peptides show significant in vitro efficacy in targeting oral cells and tissues.
• Findings provide a basis for future in vitro and in vivo studies.
• Further research can explore mechanisms and applications for novel oral disease therapeutics.