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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
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Fgl2 regulates FcγRIIB+CD8+ T cell responses during infection.

Anna B Morris1, Max W Adelman2, Kelsey B Bennion1

  • 1Department of Surgery and Emory Transplant Center and.

JCI Insight
|April 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral infections increase FcγRIIB on CD8+ T cells, leading to apoptosis via the immunosuppressive cytokine Fgl2. This mechanism explains CD8+ T cell loss during chronic viral infections like COVID-19.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityImmunologyT cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The inhibitory receptor Fc gamma receptor IIB (FcγRIIB) is upregulated on activated CD8+ T cells in mice and humans.
  • Its precise role in T cell fate during viral infections remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of FcγRIIB and its interaction with the cytokine Fgl2 in CD8+ T cell depletion during viral infections.
  • To examine FcγRIIB and Fgl2 expression in COVID-19 patients and mouse models of viral infection.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to identify FcγRIIB-expressing CD8+ T cells.
  • Measurement of plasma Fgl2 levels.
  • T cell transfer experiments in mice.
  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of CD8+ T cells.

Main Results:

  • FcγRIIB-expressing CD8+ T cells were increased in COVID-19 patients and viral infection models.
  • FcγRIIB ligates Fgl2, inducing CD8+ T cell apoptosis.
  • Elevated plasma Fgl2 correlated with CD8+ T cell lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.
  • Virus-specific CD8+ T cells produced Fgl2, with higher production during chronic infection.

Conclusions:

  • CD8+ T cell production of Fgl2 during viral infection drives FcγRIIB-mediated loss of CD8+ T cell immunity.
  • This pathway is implicated in both mouse models of viral infection and human COVID-19.