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Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly,...

Preparation of Nitriles

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO₂ Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

Chasing isolable late d-block metal nitrenes and imidyls.

C Gunnar Werncke^1,2

¹Chemistry Department, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. gunnar.werncke@chemie.uni-marburg.de.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)

|April 8, 2025

Summary

This perspective explores highly reactive imido metal complexes in high spin states, including imidyl and nitrene species. It highlights their characterization and potential for advancing bond activation catalysis.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

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Last Updated: May 15, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

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Published on: November 28, 2016

Imine Metathesis by Silica-Supported Catalysts Using the Methodology of Surface Organometallic Chemistry

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Organometallic Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Imido complexes of late transition metals are crucial transient species in catalysis.
Understanding their reactivity is key to developing new catalytic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To present late imido metal complexes in uncommon, highly reactive states.
To focus on complexes with higher spin states and imidyl or nitrene character.
To discuss analogous metalla nitridyls and metallanitrenes.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on imido metal complexes.
Focus on structurally authenticated complexes.
Analysis of spectroscopic and structural data for high spin states.

Main Results:

Presentation of imido metal complexes in unusual, reactive configurations.
Detailed examination of complexes exhibiting higher spin states.
Discussion of imidyl, nitrene, metalla nitridyl, and metallanitrene analogues.

Conclusions:

These reactive imido complexes offer new avenues in bond activation.
Clear identification methods are crucial for studying these transient species.
The review provides a foundation for future research in the field.