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Comparing Hip, Wrist and Ankle-Worn ActiGraph Accelerometers for Measuring Physical Activity in Toddlers
Tze-Hsuan Wang1, Ameer Helmi2, Rafael Morales Mayoral2
1College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Insights
Comparing accelerometer placements in toddlers reveals ankle and hip data correlate strongly, suggesting ankle as a viable location. Wrist and hip showed moderate correlation, indicating potential need for multiple sensors for accurate physical activity measurement.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric physical activity monitoring
- Biomedical engineering
- Wearable sensor technology
Background:
- Accurate physical activity measurement in toddlers is crucial for health.
- Understanding accelerometer placement and cut-point agreement is key.
- This study investigates different sensor locations for toddler activity tracking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare activity counts from hip, wrist, and ankle accelerometers in toddlers.
- To assess agreement between age-specific cut points for physical activity levels.
- To evaluate relationships between accelerometer placements and activity data.
Main Methods:
- Nine toddlers (22.2 ± 6.1 months) wore ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers on hip, wrist, and ankle.
- Data collected during 20-min free-play sessions over 12 weeks.
- Analyzed activity counts, correlations (Spearman's rho), and Bland-Altman plots for cut-point agreement.
Main Results:
- Wrist placement yielded the highest activity counts, followed by ankle and hip.
- Strongest correlation found between hip and ankle vector magnitude counts (rs=0.88).
- Significant differences in physical activity time estimates across cut points and considerable individual variations observed.
Conclusions:
- Ankle placement shows promise as a feasible sensor location due to strong correlation with hip data.
- Moderate correlation between wrist and hip suggests potential need for multiple sensors to improve accuracy.
- Further research is needed to validate cut points for accurate toddler physical activity measurement, considering individual differences.
Background:
Understanding the relationships among accelerometer placements and the agreements between cut points is essential to enhancing the accuracy of physical activity measurement for toddlers. This study aimed to compare the magnitudes and relationships of activity counts from hip, wrist and ankle ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers in toddlers and to assess the agreement between age-specific cut points at group and individual levels.
Methods:
Accelerometer data were collected from nine toddlers (three girls, 22.2 ± 6.1 months) during 12 weekly 20-min free-play sessions. Activity counts were downloaded using specific epoch lengths and filters according to the studies validating the cut points. One-way repeated ANOVAs were used to compare the activity counts per 15 s across placements. Interplacement relationships were examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Agreements were assessed with Bland-Altman plots between three sets of hip cut points and one wrist cut point. Ankle data were not analysed because of a lack of validated cut points.
Results:
The wrist placement yielded the highest counts, followed by ankle and hip. The correlation coefficient was strongest between hip and ankle vector magnitude counts (rs = 0.88), whereas relatively weaker between wrist and hip (rs = 0.65) and wrist and ankle (rs = 0.60). The Bland-Altman plots indicated that time estimates for sedentary, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were significantly different between most cut points. At the individual level, considerable variations in interplacement correlations and physical activity time estimates were observed.
Conclusion:
The strong correlation between hip and ankle activity counts suggests that the ankle could be a feasible sensor-wearing location. The moderate correlation between wrist and hip suggests that multiple accelerometers may be needed to enhance accuracy. Discrepancies across cut points indicate that more research is needed to validate cut points for accurately measuring physical activity in toddlers, especially considering individual differences in movement behaviours.
