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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

188
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
188
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

198
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
198
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

254
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
254
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

145
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
145
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

116
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
116
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

176
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
176

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Tuberculous Meningitis Across the Lifespan.

Rentia Lourens1, Gabriela Singh1, Tracy Arendse1

  • 1Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|April 8, 2025
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Summary

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) affects all ages, but children under 5 face higher disability risks. Adults with HIV and the elderly are most vulnerable to death from TBM, highlighting the need for age-specific research.

Keywords:
Tuberculous meningitisadultschildrenoutcomepathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the deadliest form of tuberculosis.
  • Current research often groups adults and children, overlooking age-specific differences.
  • Understanding lifespan variations in TBM is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-specific pathogenesis and pathophysiology of TBM.
  • To describe clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes across different age groups.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in TBM research concerning age.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature published within the last 5 years.
  • Analysis of age-related differences in TBM presentation and progression.
  • Synthesis of data on treatment efficacy and patient outcomes by age.

Main Results:

  • Children under 5 are susceptible to dissemination and lifelong disability due to immature immunity and developing brains.
  • Adults with HIV and older individuals face the highest mortality risk from TBM.
  • Neuroinflammation significantly impacts the developing brain in pediatric TBM cases.

Conclusions:

  • TBM management requires age-tailored strategies due to distinct vulnerabilities.
  • Further research is needed on neurocognitive disability frequency in adult TBM patients.
  • Age-specific insights can improve TBM prevention, treatment, and long-term care.