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Geographic Disparities in Oral Cancer Survival From 10 Population-Based Cancer Registries in India
Krishnan Sathishkumar1, Jayasankar Sankarapillai1, Stephen Santhappan1
1National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India.
JAMA Network Open
|April 8, 2025
Summary
Oral cancer (OC) survival in India is low, with significant disparities based on location and patient factors. Improving survival requires addressing rural-urban inequalities and enhancing care quality.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- India bears over one-third of the global oral cancer (OC) burden.
- Cancer survival rates are critical indicators of healthcare system effectiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate 5-year survival rates for oral cancer (OC) in India.
- To analyze survival associations with age, residence, histology, and clinical extent.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of 14,059 primary OC patients diagnosed between 2012-2015.
- Utilized data from 10 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs).
- Employed multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to assess survival factors.
Main Results:
- Overall 5-year age-standardized relative survival (ASRS) for OC was 37.2%.
- Survival rates were significantly lower in rural (34.1%) versus urban (48.5%) areas.
- Older age (≥65 years) and distant metastasis increased the risk of death.
Conclusions:
- Significant disparities in OC survival exist in India, linked to demographic and clinical factors.
- Lower survival in rural areas highlights inequalities in healthcare access and quality.
- Urgent interventions are needed to improve oral cancer survival rates across India.
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