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Environmental mastitis: cause, prevalence, prevention.

K L Smith, D A Todhunter, P S Schoenberger

    Journal of Dairy Science
    |June 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Environmental pathogens like coliform bacteria and streptococci cause intramammary infections in dairy cows. Infection rates increase with parity and are highest during summer, particularly in confined herds.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Animal Science
    • Dairy Production

    Background:

    • Intramammary infections (IMIs) pose significant challenges in dairy herds.
    • Environmental pathogens, including coliforms and non-agalactiae streptococci, are key contributors to mastitis.
    • Understanding infection dynamics is crucial for effective herd management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the infection rates and characteristics of intramammary infections caused by environmental pathogens in a confined dairy herd.
    • To identify risk factors influencing infection prevalence and duration.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of dry cow therapy in controlling these infections.

    Main Methods:

    • A longitudinal study was conducted in a total confinement dairy herd.

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  • Intramammary infection rates by coliform bacteria and environmental streptococci were monitored.
  • Data on parity, lactation stage, season, and dry cow therapy were collected and analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Infection rates were higher during the dry period than lactation and increased with parity.
    • Rates peaked in summer, coinciding with increased environmental coliform exposure.
    • Coliform infections were generally shorter in duration than streptococcal infections, with a high percentage of clinical cases early in lactation and during summer.
    • Dry cow therapy reduced early dry period streptococcal infections but had no effect on prepartum or coliform infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental mastitis prevalence is influenced by lactation stage, parity, and season.
    • Dry cow therapy shows limited efficacy against environmental pathogens, particularly coliforms.
    • Management strategies should focus on reducing environmental pathogen exposure, especially during summer and the dry period.