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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
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Modulation of protein activity by small RNA base pairing internal to coding sequences.

Narumon Thongdee1, Miranda M Alaniz1, Ekaterina Samatova2

  • 1Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Molecular Cell
|April 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) can regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) within coding sequences. This interaction slows translation, impacting protein folding and activity, with significant physiological consequences.

Keywords:
ArcZDNA damageDNA ligaseHemKHfqco-factor incorperationprotein foldingregulatory RNAstranslation elongation

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Area of Science:

  • Bacterial regulatory RNAs
  • Gene expression regulation
  • RNA-RNA interactions

Background:

  • Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) typically regulate translation initiation or mRNA decay.
  • RNA-RNA interactome approaches reveal sRNA binding within coding sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the functional consequences of sRNA pairing within mRNA coding sequences.
  • Determine the impact of sRNA overexpression on target protein levels and activity.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of a specific sRNA (ArcZ) targeting seven different mRNAs.
  • Analysis of target protein levels.
  • Detailed examination of ArcZ-ligA and ArcZ-hemK interactions.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis to disrupt sRNA-mRNA pairing.

Main Results:

  • sRNA overexpression decreased target protein levels for two out of seven targets.
  • ArcZ binding to ligA and hemK mRNAs caused translation pausing and increased protein activity.
  • A ligA mutation disrupting ArcZ pairing led to increased DNA damage sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory RNA pairing within coding sequences can slow translation elongation.
  • This localized slowing impacts co-translational protein folding and cofactor incorporation.
  • sRNA regulation in coding regions has significant physiological implications, as demonstrated by ligA regulation.