Advancements in manufacturing technologies in the small-diameter artificial blood vessels field

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can cause narrowing or blockage in small diameter blood vessels (less than 6 millimeters in diameter). Bypass surgery, which involves replacing damaged native blood vessels, can address various CVD. Recent advancements in manufacturing techniques and the application of new materials have led to the creation of artificial blood vessels that more closely resemble native vessels. By combining different materials and manufacturing methods, it is possible to mimic the structure and function of native blood vessels. Surface coating technologies are also employed in the production of artificial blood vessels to replicate certain vascular functions, such as regulating thrombosis and dissolution. Although most products are not yet ready for clinical use, research and development in artificial blood vessels are progressing faster than ever before (figure1).