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Theophylline toxicity.

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    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
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    Theophylline toxicity, involving multiple organ systems, has resurged with increased use. Most severe cases now stem from intentional overdose, requiring prompt medical intervention for removal.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Toxicology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Theophylline's adverse effects were noted early, leading to reduced use and ineffective homeopathic dosing.
    • Recent resurgence in theophylline use correlates with an increase in reported toxicity cases.
    • The epidemiology of theophylline intoxication has shifted, with intentional overdose now being the primary cause of severe toxicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the adverse effects and changing epidemiology of theophylline intoxication.
    • To outline current treatment strategies for theophylline toxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of theophylline's adverse effects and intoxication patterns.
    • Analysis of clinical presentations and management of theophylline toxicity.

    Main Results:

    • Theophylline toxicity affects gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems.
    • Severe intoxication can lead to significant metabolic derangements.
    • Intentional overdose is the predominant cause of serious theophylline toxicity in recent years.

    Conclusions:

    • Theophylline intoxication presents diverse adverse effects and metabolic disturbances.
    • Effective management requires fluid and electrolyte balance and methods to enhance theophylline elimination.
    • Charcoal hemoperfusion is indicated for severe cases of theophylline intoxication.