Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with ≥ 1 perceived defects in physical appearance, which leads to social anxiety and avoidance. This excessive focus on appearance is linked to dissatisfaction with physical features, disappointment with cosmetic treatments, or frustration from not meeting perceived beauty standards.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of BDD in dermatology, psychiatric, plastic surgery, general population, and world regions, as well as the prevalence of BDD using different diagnostic tools.

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature in Medline via PubMed, Embase, and Latin American databases using MeSH terms "body dysmorphic disorder" and "prevalence" with filters for original and cross-sectional studies. Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio, and bias assessment was made using JBI Critical appraisal.

The overall prevalence of BDD in the general population was 17%, with higher rates in females than in males. The prevalence in plastic surgery patients was 24%. The highest prevalence of BDD was found in Latin America compared to other world regions.

BDD is a highly prevalent disorder, and increased awareness of the disease could improve its approach in plastic surgery and other medical fields.