Effects and Mechanisms of Steviol Glycosides on Glucose Metabolism: Evidence From Preclinical Studies
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Updated: May 20, 2025

Glucose Uptake Measurement and Response to Insulin Stimulation in In Vitro Cultured Human Primary Myotubes
Published on: June 25, 2017
Lili Kang1, Changfa Zhang2, Ruoting Wang2
1School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
Abstract:
The natural sweeteners of steviol glycosides (SGs) have been widely used as a substitute for sugar due to their high sweetness, low-calorie properties, and potential health benefits. Some studies reported that SGs could regulate glucose metabolism and prevent Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the detailed mechanisms remained further elucidated. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to systematically summarize the effects and mechanisms of SGs on glucose metabolism based on evidence from preclinical studies. We searched PubMed and Web of Science (up to March 31, 2024), and included a total of 40 animal and 5 cell studies for review. Results showed that SGs could improve glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin secretion, simulating insulin effects, improving insulin resistance, advancing key enzyme activities, or regulating gut microbiota. To conclude, if further validated in clinical trials and population studies, the sugar substitute of SGs may serve as a potential nutritional strategy for effective prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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