The Dilemma and Wisdom in Translating p Values: A Collaborative Approach to Strengthening Scientific Validity

Area of Science:

• Statistics in Scientific Research
• Statistical Inference
• Research Methodology

Background:

• The p value is frequently used to assess research findings against a null hypothesis.
• However, p values alone do not indicate effect size or statistical precision, leading to interpretation challenges.
• Misapplication of p values can negatively impact policy, clinical practice, and scientific communication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically examine the challenges in translating p values into meaningful scientific inferences.
• To illustrate how misinterpreting p values can lead to flawed conclusions and guide research practices.
• To propose a collaborative framework for improving the interpretation of statistical evidence.

Main Methods:

• Critical examination of the p value's role in statistical inference.
• Use of illustrative examples to demonstrate the consequences of p value misapplication.
• Development of a comprehensive checklist for clear documentation and evaluation of statistical evidence.

Main Results:

• P values offer limited information on effect strength and statistical precision.
• Misinterpretation of p values can lead to misguided scientific discourse and decision-making.
• A collaborative approach and standardized checklist can enhance the nuanced understanding of statistical evidence.

Conclusions:

• A nuanced interpretation of statistical evidence is crucial for scientific validity.
• Adopting a collaborative approach involving researchers and reviewers can mitigate p value misinterpretation.
• Implementing a checklist promotes clearer documentation and critical evaluation, advancing meaningful scientific progress.