The Dilemma and Wisdom in Translating p Values: A Collaborative Approach to Strengthening Scientific Validity

The p value remains a widely used statistical tool for assessing the significance of research findings, yet its interpretation and application often provoke debate. While the p value provides a measure of evidence against the null hypothesis, it does not convey essential information about the strength of an effect or its statistical precision. Therefore, this paper critically examines the dilemma of translating p values into meaningful scientific inferences. Using illustrative examples, we demonstrate how the misapplication of p values can misguide policy, clinical practice, and scientific discourse. To address these challenges, this article proposes a collaborative approach involving researchers, journal reviewers, and the scholarly audience. This includes a comprehensive checklist to promote clear documentation, critical evaluation, and a more nuanced interpretation of statistical evidence. By fostering a nuanced understanding of statistical evidence, this initiative seeks to advance scientific validity and ensure that research findings contribute meaningfully to societal progress.