Massive subperiosteal hemorrhage in neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis is seen in association with elephantiasis neuromatosa and overgrowth of abnormal bones, but rarely with subperiosteal hemorrhage. This is a secondary finding after severe or minor trauma to the periosteum, which is abnormally loose from mesodermal dysplasia. The clinical, plain radiographic, and angiographic findings of 2 cases of massive subperiosteal hemorrhage are presented, and the literature reviewed.