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Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

Rapid Fractionation and Isolation of Whole Blood Components in Samples Obtained from a Community-based Setting
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Associations Between Experiences of Racial Discrimination Across the Life Course and Mental Health: Exploring Direct

Patricia Irizar1, Dharmi Kapadia1, Harry Taylor2

  • 1Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Sociology of Health & Illness
|April 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Racial discrimination, particularly chronic experiences, significantly increases the risk of common mental disorders (CMD). These impacts are worsened by factors like financial concerns and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords:
common mental disordersethnic inequalitiesethnicityhealth inequalitiesmental healthracism

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Racial discrimination is a known stressor with potential mental health consequences.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated existing health disparities and introduced new stressors for ethnic minority populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between life-course racial discrimination and common mental disorders (CMD) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To examine direct and indirect pathways linking racial discrimination to CMD, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, financial concerns, loneliness, and belonging.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey data from 8,897 ethnic minority individuals (aged 18-60) collected between February and November 2021.
  • Measurement of racial discrimination experiences across multiple domains and time periods (past, recent, chronic).
  • Path analyses to assess direct associations and indirect effects via specified mediators.

Main Results:

  • A dose-response relationship was observed between racial discrimination experiences and CMD.
  • Chronic racial discrimination was associated with 2.91 times the odds of CMD, with recent and past experiences also showing increased odds.
  • Indirect pathways linked recent and chronic discrimination to CMD through SARS-CoV-2 infection, financial concerns, loneliness, and reduced belonging.

Conclusions:

  • Racial discrimination across the life course is a significant risk factor for common mental disorders, with a dose-response effect.
  • Interventions addressing the multifaceted nature of racism are crucial for mitigating negative mental health impacts.
  • Findings highlight the need for anti-racist strategies targeting interconnected dimensions of discrimination.