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Related Concept Videos

Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Sperm Collection of Differential Quality Using Density Gradient Centrifugation
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Sperm Selection by Colloid Centrifugation.

Jane M Morrell1

  • 1Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. jane.morrell@slu.se.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colloid centrifugation is a practical method for selecting specific sperm subpopulations or separating sperm from seminal plasma. This technique is suitable for routine use in semen collection facilities.

Keywords:
Artificial inseminationAssisted reproduction technologiesBacteriaDNA integrityIn vitro fertilizationIntracytoplasmic sperm injectionNormal morphologySperm motilitySperm selectionViruses

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Area of Science:

  • Spermatology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Colloid centrifugation is traditionally used in spermatology to select fertile spermatozoa.
  • The method allows for the selection of specific sperm subpopulations or separation from seminal plasma by adjusting colloid density.
  • Silane-coated silica colloids in buffered salt solutions are optimized for various species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the application and practicality of colloid centrifugation in spermatology.
  • To highlight its suitability for routine use in semen collection facilities.
  • To detail the method's adaptability for different separation needs.

Main Methods:

  • Layering sperm samples on top of a colloid in a centrifuge tube.
  • Gentle centrifugation at 300 g for 20 minutes using a swingout rotor.
  • Resuspending the sperm pellet in appropriate media for downstream applications.

Main Results:

  • Colloid centrifugation enables the selection of specific sperm subpopulations.
  • The method is adaptable for separating spermatozoa from seminal plasma.
  • The procedure is practical for various semen collection facilities.

Conclusions:

  • Colloid centrifugation is a versatile and practical technique for sperm selection and separation.
  • Its suitability for routine use makes it valuable for artificial insemination, cryopreservation, and in vitro fertilization.
  • The method's adaptability ensures its wide applicability in reproductive technologies.