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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
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Bioenergetics of Rodent Spermatozoa.

Eduardo R S Roldan1, Maximiliano Tourmente2,3, Ana Sanchez-Rodriguez4

  • 1Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain. roldane@mncn.csic.es.

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PubMed
Summary

Spermatozoa require significant energy for motility and fertilization. This study details methods to measure sperm ATP production via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), crucial for reproductive success.

Keywords:
ATPBioenergeticsCapacitationExtracellular flux analysisGlycolysisLactateOxidative phosphorylationSperm metabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Spermatozoa (sperm cells) have high energy demands for motility and fertilization processes.
  • ATP production is vital for sperm function, with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) being key pathways.
  • The contribution of these pathways varies by species and sperm life stage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present standardized methods for characterizing sperm bioenergetics.
  • To quantify ATP levels and assess the roles of glycolysis and OXPHOS in sperm energy metabolism.
  • To provide protocols for analyzing sperm energy production under different physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • ATP quantification using a bioluminescence assay kit.
  • Lactate measurement in incubation medium to infer glycolytic activity.
  • Extracellular flux analysis to determine the relative contributions of glycolysis and OXPHOS in live sperm.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for measuring sperm ATP levels under capacitating and non-capacitating conditions.
  • Developed methods to assess the glycolytic pathway's contribution via lactate excretion.
  • Enabled analysis of live sperm energy metabolism to differentiate between glycolysis and OXPHOS.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methods allow for comprehensive characterization of sperm bioenergetics.
  • Understanding sperm energy metabolism is critical for assessing fertility and developing reproductive technologies.
  • These protocols can be applied across different species and research contexts to study sperm function.