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Related Experiment Videos

Membrane asymmetry.

J E Rothman, J Lenard

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 25, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Biological membranes exhibit asymmetry in protein and lipid distribution. Membrane protein insertion into the lipid bilayer is coupled to biosynthesis, with ectoproteins crossing only during synthesis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Membrane Biology

    Background:

    • Biological membranes feature asymmetrical distribution of proteins and lipids.
    • Membrane proteins are either ectoproteins or endoproteins, with fixed orientations.
    • Lipid asymmetry is non-absolute, with varying amounts on each bilayer surface.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms of membrane protein assembly.
    • To understand how proteins achieve asymmetrical orientation within the lipid bilayer.
    • To determine if membrane protein insertion occurs post-biosynthesis.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a cell-free system for studying membrane protein assembly.
    • Synthesized a viral membrane glycoprotein using wheat germ ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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  • Employed synchronized polypeptide growth techniques to study membrane crossing.

    • Main Results:

    • The synthesized glycoprotein was incorporated asymmetrically into the membrane and glycosylated.
    • Protein synthesis and membrane incorporation were found to be closely coupled.
    • Ectoprotein insertion across the lipid bilayer is restricted to the biosynthesis phase.

    Conclusions:

    • Membrane protein assembly is intrinsically linked to the biosynthesis process.
    • The extracytoplasmic domain of ectoproteins crosses the membrane exclusively during synthesis.
    • Asymmetry in biological membranes is maintained by the coupled nature of protein synthesis and insertion.