The Physicochemical Properties and Plausible Implication of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Analytical Techniques.

Area of Science:

• Green Chemistry
• Solvent Science
• Materials Science

Background:

• Traditional volatile organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) present significant toxicity, non-biodegradability, and environmental challenges.
• While ILs offer lower volatility, concerns regarding their toxicity and sustainability persist.
• Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as promising alternatives, aligning with green chemistry principles like reduced toxicity and biodegradability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the emergence, development, and physicochemical properties of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs).
• To examine the preparation, variants (hydrophobic and hydrophilic), and operational aspects of DESs.
• To explore the diverse applications of DESs and discuss future opportunities and challenges in their research.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on the synthesis and characterization of DESs.
• Analysis of physicochemical properties including density, polarity, and viscosity.
• Exploration of DES applications in extraction processes and analytical techniques.

Main Results:

• DESs exhibit tunable physicochemical properties influenced by their composition and structure.
• Various DES formulations, including hydrophobic and hydrophilic types, have been successfully prepared and characterized.
• DESs demonstrate significant potential in applications such as solvent-based and sorbent-based extractions and various analytical methods.

Conclusions:

• Deep eutectic solvents represent a sustainable and versatile class of solvents with broad applicability.
• Further research into DESs is crucial for optimizing their performance and addressing existing challenges.
• DESs are poised to play a significant role in advancing green chemistry and various scientific disciplines.