Osteoporosis and multiple sclerosis: Exploring the complex intersection between bone and brain, a clarion call for...

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Endocrinology
• Bone Metabolism

Background:

• Osteoporosis is prevalent and often overlooked in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).
• It manifests more frequently and at a younger age in PwMS than in the general population.
• Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) significantly elevates fracture risk in PwMS.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review key risk factors for osteoporosis in PwMS.
• To explore shared inflammatory pathways between multiple sclerosis (MS) and osteoporosis.
• To discuss strategies for early detection and proactive management of osteoporosis in PwMS.

Main Methods:

• Literature review identifying risk factors.
• Analysis of shared inflammatory mechanisms.
• Synthesis of current management and intervention strategies.

Main Results:

• Identified risk factors include age, vitamin D deficiency, reduced mobility, and corticosteroid use.
• Shared inflammatory processes, like elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, contribute to bone loss in MS.
• Early detection and management are vital for mitigating fracture risk.

Conclusions:

• Comprehensive management strategies are essential for osteoporosis in PwMS.
• Tailored pharmacological treatments and interventions are needed.
• Addressing osteoporosis improves overall outcomes for people with MS.