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Modeling effects on suicidal behavior.

J A Chiles, K D Strosahl, L McMurtray

    The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
    |August 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Suicide attempters had fewer known suicidal role models and rated suicide as a more effective problem solution than other patient groups. Depression levels did not correlate with recalling suicidal models.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Psychology
    • Social Science

    Background:

    • Knowledge of suicidal behavior in acquaintances is a known risk factor for suicide potential.
    • Social learning theory suggests observing suicidal behavior can influence an individual's risk.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between exposure to suicidal models and suicidal behavior.
    • To compare suicidal beliefs among individuals with varying levels of suicidal ideation and attempts.

    Main Methods:

    • Structured clinical interviews were conducted with psychiatric patients hospitalized for suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, other reasons, and orthopedic surgery patients.
    • Participants' knowledge of suicidal models, interpersonal distance from models, depression levels, and suicide-related beliefs were assessed.

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    Main Results:

    • Suicide attempters reported fewer suicidal models compared to other patient groups.
    • Suicide attempters were more interpersonally distant from known suicidal models.
    • Suicide attempters rated suicide as a more effective problem solution than other groups.
    • Depression level was not associated with recalling or reporting suicidal models.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings suggest that the number and interpersonal closeness of suicidal models may play a role in suicidal behavior.
    • Suicide attempters' beliefs about suicide as a problem solution are distinct.
    • Results have implications for social learning models of suicidal behavior and suicide risk assessment.