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Updated: Aug 1, 2026
Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
Published on: November 16, 2018
Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Biodentine XP, Endosequence RRM, and Bio-C Repair Cements
Danilo Cassiano Ferraz1, Juliana Garuba Rahhal2, Maria Eduarda Paz Dotto3
1Department of Endodontics, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Endodontics and Dental Materials, Federal University of Uberlândia School of Dentistry, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Introduction:
This study evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate-based cements used in vital pulp therapy (VPT).
Methods:
Setting time, solubility, and pH of Biodentine XP (BD-XP), Bio-C Repair (BC), and Endosequence RRM Fast Set Putty (ES) were evaluated following ISO guidelines. Human dental pulp stem cells were challenged with lipoteichoic acid and then exposed to the cement's eluates. Cell viability was evaluated with XTT assay and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis of relevant genes using quantitative reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction. Statistical significance levels were set at 5%.
Results:
The initial and final setting time of BD-XP was shorter than BC (P ≤ .0005), and ES and BC (P ≤ .0001), respectively. BD-XP and ES showed significantly lower solubility levels in comparison to BC (P ≤ .05). All materials were alkaline for up to 7 days and exhibited significantly higher cell viability than the positive control (P ≤ .0001). RANKL mRNA expression was higher at 6 hours in the ES and BD-XP groups when compared to BC, however it decreased to low levels at 24h. ES and BD-XP groups exhibited a significant upregulation of COL1A1 mRNA expression. ALP expression was significantly higher in all tested groups, with the BD-XP group exhibiting the highest levels. BC and BD-XP groups had significantly increased RUNX2 expression after 24 hours.
Conclusion:
BD-XP, ES, and BC appear suitable materials for VPT, despite higher solubility. The gene expression pattern may suggest a potential pathway for pulp healing.
