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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

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Risk stratification in Eisenmenger syndrome.

Estibaliz Valdeolmillos1, Athenaïs Boucly2, Marc Humbert2

  • 1Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, les hôpitaux Paris Saint-Joseph et Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR-S 999, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France.

Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases
|April 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Risk stratification for Eisenmenger syndrome, a severe form of pulmonary arterial hypertension in congenital heart disease, is challenging. Current risk scores lack specificity, and further evaluation of predictors like 6-minute walk distance is needed.

Keywords:
Congenital heart defectsEisenmenger syndromePulmonary arterial hypertensionRisk stratificationTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in congenital heart disease (CHD) can lead to Eisenmenger syndrome, a life-threatening condition.
  • Eisenmenger syndrome necessitates careful risk assessment for treatment decisions, including transplantation.
  • Existing PAH risk scores are not tailored for Eisenmenger syndrome, complicating accurate outcome prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on risk stratification for Eisenmenger syndrome.
  • To identify challenges and potential predictors for risk assessment in Eisenmenger syndrome patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search conducted by experts in CHD, Eisenmenger syndrome, risk stratification, and PAH.
  • Review of existing risk-stratification models and identified predictors for Eisenmenger syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Limited evidence exists for Eisenmenger syndrome risk stratification.
  • A non-invasive risk-stratification model for Eisenmenger syndrome requires external validation.
  • Key predictors identified include shunt location, 6-minute walk distance, echocardiographic markers, and serum brain natriuretic peptide.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate risk prediction in Eisenmenger syndrome remains challenging.
  • Shunt location significantly impacts outcomes and treatment.
  • Further evaluation of identified risk factors is crucial for improving risk stratification in Eisenmenger syndrome.