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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Materials with high electrocaloric effect (ECE) typically require disordered, tunable polar structures.
  • Perovskite ferroelectrics are promising due to high dielectric response and thermal conductivity.
  • Multielement atomic distortions can enhance ECE by creating high-polar-entropy states, overcoming ordered perovskite limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a lead-free relaxor ferroelectric with significant polar disorder and high polar entropy.
  • To investigate the impact of multielement substitution on lattice distortion and polar configurations.
  • To achieve a high electrocaloric effect for practical solid-state cooling applications.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted multielement substitution at A and B sites of the perovskite lattice.
  • Induction of lattice distortion, nanoscale polar configurations, and multiphase regions.
  • Characterization of polar entropy, electrocaloric effect, and material lifetime.

Main Results:

  • A lead-free relaxor ferroelectric exhibiting strong polar disorder and enhanced polar entropy was developed.
  • Multielement substitution induced diverse nanoscale polar configurations and increased interface density.
  • A high ECE of ~15 J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹ was achieved across a wide temperature range (>60°C) under a 10 MV m⁻¹ field.
  • The material demonstrated a long lifetime (>1 million cycles).

Conclusions:

  • Multielement-induced polar disorder and multiphase configurations significantly enhance polar entropy and ECE in ferroelectric oxides.
  • The developed material is suitable for multilayer ceramic capacitors in electrocaloric refrigeration.
  • This work offers a pathway to high-performance, lead-free electrocaloric materials for sustainable cooling technologies.