Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

159
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
159
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

151
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
151
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

411
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
411
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

954
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
954
Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

77.5K
Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
77.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genomic Variation Predicts Real-Time Δ <sup>9</sup> -tetrahydrocannabinol Response in Humans.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Spatial transcriptomic profiling of ovarian clear cell carcinoma reveals heterogeneity in OXPHOS and EMT gradients.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic receptor modulates 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>-mediated behavioral effects of MDMA and psilocybin in mice.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Shared and specific associations of amygdala nuclei volumes with PTSD symptom domains and childhood trauma: An ENIGMA-PGC PTSD mega-analysis.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

In memoriam-Shigeto Yamawaki, M.D., Ph.D. (1954-2026).

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2026
Same author

Derivation of elephant induced pluripotent stem cells.

Nature methods·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.9K

Functional Validation of Alcohol Dependence-Associated FYN Variants Using Gene Editing and Stem Cell Study

Bilal Cakir1, Yoshiaki Tanaka1,2, Mu Seog Choe1

  • 1Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

International Journal of Stem Cells
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A specific gene variant (rs706895 C allele) in Fyn tyrosine kinase (FYN) increases FYN expression in neurons exposed to ethanol. This finding may explain genetic vulnerability to alcohol dependence (AD).

Keywords:
Alcohol dependenceNGN2NeuronsStem cellsrs706895

More Related Videos

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

799
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

2.9K
Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

799
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alcohol dependence (AD) is a widespread neuropsychiatric disorder.
  • Genetic variations in the Fyn tyrosine kinase (FYN) gene are linked to AD.
  • The functional impact of these AD-associated FYN variants is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of the rs706895 polymorphism in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the FYN gene in relation to alcohol dependence.
  • To develop a cellular model for studying AD-associated FYN variants.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing was used to create human embryonic stem cell lines with specific rs706895 C/T genotypes.
  • Induced neurons were differentiated from these cell lines.
  • Transcriptome analysis and reporter gene assays were performed to assess FYN gene expression under ethanol treatment.

Main Results:

  • Neurons with the rs706895 C allele exhibited significantly higher FYN expression when exposed to ethanol.
  • The 5' UTR variant rs706895 demonstrated a functional effect on FYN gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • The FYN 5' UTR variant rs706895 may contribute to an individual's susceptibility to alcohol dependence by modulating FYN expression levels.
  • Understanding AD-associated genetic variants like rs706895 can advance knowledge of disease mechanisms.
  • This research provides a basis for developing personalized treatments for alcohol dependence.