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Heart Failure in Patients with Sarcopenia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pedro Ivo Carmo Campos1,2, Juliano Bergamaschine Mata Diz2, Amanda Aparecida Oliveira Leopoldino1

  • 1Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fundação Educacional Lucas Machado (FELUMA), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
|April 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Heart failure (HF) is highly prevalent in patients with sarcopenia, affecting 32% of this population. This comorbidity significantly increases mortality risk, highlighting a critical area for clinical attention and research.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Sarcopenia and heart failure (HF) are common conditions with estimated prevalences of 8%-34% and 3%-11.8%, respectively.
  • The co-occurrence of sarcopenia and HF, along with its impact on prognosis, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the prevalence of HF in patients with sarcopenia.
  • To investigate HF phenotypes based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in this population.
  • To assess the mortality risk associated with the combined presence of sarcopenia and HF.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic review of multiple databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scielo, CINAHL) and grey literature.
  • Manual searches were conducted in Google Scholar to ensure exhaustive data collection.
  • Meta-analysis was employed to synthesize findings on HF prevalence, LVEF phenotypes, and mortality risk.

Main Results:

  • The selected 16 studies from 7,080 identified a 32% prevalence of HF among patients with sarcopenia.
  • Among patients with both conditions, 45.9% had reduced LVEF, 10.3% had mildly reduced LVEF, and 29.1% had preserved LVEF.
  • The combined presence of sarcopenia and HF was associated with an increased mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Heart failure is highly prevalent in individuals with sarcopenia.
  • The coexistence of sarcopenia and heart failure is linked to a significant increase in mortality risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
Ejection fractionEpidemiologyHeart failurePrevalenceSarcopenia

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