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Pulmonary Cryptosporidiosis in HIV Infected Patients at Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital in Tehran, Iran: A Case Series

Saghi Rashidifar1, Mohammad Javad Gharavi2, Naser Harzandi1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Parasitology
|April 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis is a rare but severe complication in HIV patients, particularly in developing nations. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in these vulnerable individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Cryptosporidium species commonly cause severe diarrhea in HIV-positive individuals, especially in resource-limited settings.
  • Extra-intestinal manifestations of Cryptosporidium are infrequently reported, making their clinical significance less understood.

Observation:

  • Three cases of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients were identified at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
  • These patients presented with severe complications despite receiving combination therapy including antiretroviral therapy, azithromycin, and paromomycin.

Findings:

  • All three patients with pulmonary cryptosporidiosis experienced fatal outcomes due to severe complications.
  • The cases underscore the challenges in treating disseminated Cryptosporidium infections in immunocompromised hosts.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt management of respiratory cryptosporidiosis are critical for improving survival rates in HIV patients with low CD4 counts.
  • These findings emphasize the need for increased awareness and diagnostic vigilance for extra-intestinal Cryptosporidium infections in endemic regions.
  • Further research into effective therapeutic strategies for pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals is warranted.
Keywords:
CryptosporidiumHIVOpportunistic infectionPulmonary cryptosporidiosis

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