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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Determination of Renal Drug Clearance: Graphical and Midpoint Methods01:07

Determination of Renal Drug Clearance: Graphical and Midpoint Methods

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Renal clearance, a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics, can be determined using two different methods: the graphical method and the midpoint method. These methods provide insights into the rate of drug excretion by the kidneys and aid in assessing renal function.
The graphical method involves plotting the rate of drug excretion in urine against the plasma drug concentration. By analyzing the graph, the clearance can be calculated and obtained. Drugs rapidly excreted by the kidneys exhibit a...
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration01:17

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production takes place. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent...
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Renal Drug Clearance: Overview01:06

Renal Drug Clearance: Overview

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Renal clearance is a crucial parameter in pharmacokinetics that quantifies the rate at which the kidneys excrete a drug. It represents a constant fraction of the central volume of distribution containing the drug that the kidney eliminates per unit of time.
Renal clearance can be calculated using different methods. One approach is to divide the urinary drug excretion rate by the plasma drug concentration. This method directly measures renal clearance, indicating the kidneys' efficiency in...
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Updated: May 15, 2025

Digital Home-Monitoring of Patients after Kidney Transplantation: The MACCS Platform
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Valuing a Reduction in the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Large-Scale Multi-Country Stated Preference Approach.

Chris Dockins1, Damien Dussaux2, Charles Griffiths1

  • 1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.

Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study estimates the public's willingness-to-pay to reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease. Findings provide crucial economic values for environmental regulation and public health benefit-cost analyses.

Keywords:
D61I18J17K32Q51Q53Q58health riskhealth valuationkidney diseasestated preferencewillingness-to-pay

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Health Economics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Compromised kidney function is linked to environmental contaminants, necessitating regulatory action.
  • Limited economic valuation data exists for kidney disease effects, hindering benefit-cost analyses.
  • The OECD project aims to improve economic evaluations for chemical regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for reducing the risk of symptomatic chronic kidney disease.
  • To fill a gap in the valuation literature for kidney morbidity.
  • To provide data for benefit-cost analyses of chemical regulations.

Main Methods:

  • A stated preference survey was conducted across 10 countries.
  • Participants were asked about their WTP to reduce the risk of serious kidney disease.
  • Data was collected from representative national samples.

Main Results:

  • The mean WTP to reduce the risk of serious kidney disease by 3.5/1,000 over 5 years was $2,609.
  • The mean value per statistical case (VSC) of chronic kidney disease was $805,000.
  • VSC estimates ranged from $700,000 in Canada to $1,200,000 in Türkiye.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides novel WTP estimates for chronic kidney disease risk reduction.
  • The findings support economic evaluations for environmental and chemical regulations.
  • Valuation data is essential for informed public health policy decisions.