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Updated: May 15, 2025

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
Published on: December 4, 2015
Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits
Valerie Le Sage1,2, Carine K Souza3,4, Nicole C Rockey1
1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTRecent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus revealed that individuals born after 1950 had limited cross-reactive antibodies, confirming that they are antigenically novel viruses. The 1C virus exhibited phenotypic signatures similar to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus, including human receptor preference, productive replication in human airway cells, and robust environmental stability. Efficient inter- and intraspecies airborne transmission using the swine and ferret models was observed, including efficient airborne transmission to ferrets with pre-existing human seasonal H1N1 immunity. Together our data suggest H1 1C influenza virus poses a relatively high pandemic risk.
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