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Updated: May 15, 2025

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
Published on: June 13, 2014
Combating cancer immunotherapy resistance: a nano-medicine perspective
Xiangyi Kong1,2, Xintong Xie2, Juan Wu1
1Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
None:
Cancer immunotherapy offers renewed hope for treating this disease. However, cancer cells possess inherent mechanisms that enable them to circumvent each stage of the immune cycle, thereby evading anti-cancer immunity and leading to resistance. Various functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), modified with cationic lipids, pH-sensitive compounds, or photosensitizers, exhibit unique physicochemical properties that facilitate the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME). These NPs are engineered to modify immune activity. The crucial signal transduction pathways and mechanisms by which functionalized NPs counteract immunotherapy resistance are outlined, including enhancing antigen presentation, boosting the activation and infiltration of tumor-specific immune cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and counteracting immunosuppressive conditions in the TME. Additionally, this review summarizes current clinical trials involving NP-based immunotherapy. Ultimately, it highlights the potential of nanotechnology to advance cancer immunotherapy.
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