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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Early Atherosclerosis in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pratap Kumar Patra1, Aaqib Zaffar Banday2, Adil Asghar3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Patna, Bihar, India.

International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
|April 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is linked to increased carotid intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity, indicating potential cardiovascular risks. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and assess long-term cardiovascular outcomes in children with pSLE.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular health in pediatric rheumatology.
  • Vascular complications in autoimmune diseases.

Background:

  • Adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face higher cardiovascular risks and show signs of subclinical atherosclerosis.
  • Existing meta-analyses focus on adult SLE, leaving a gap in understanding cardiovascular impact in pediatric SLE (pSLE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze studies on subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric SLE.
  • To assess the impact of pSLE on cardiovascular health parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed (1965-2024).
  • Inclusion of studies comparing pSLE patients with healthy controls.
  • Data extraction, quality assessment, and meta-analysis using Review Manager and R software.

Main Results:

  • Nine studies with 1021 participants (528 pSLE, 493 controls) were analyzed.
  • Significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in pSLE patients.
  • Disease duration correlated with increased CIMT and PWV.

Conclusions:

  • Low-quality evidence suggests pSLE adversely affects vascular microanatomy and physiology.
  • Longitudinal studies are essential to accurately determine cardiovascular risk in pediatric SLE patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
cardiovascular riskcarotid intima–media thicknessflow‐mediated dilatationpediatricpulse wave velocitysystemic lupus erythematosus

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