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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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β-Cyclodextrin-functionalized nanocarriers for bromocriptine: development, evaluation and histopathological studies.

Muhammad Ahsan Waqar1, Iqra Noor Khan2, Shabab Zahra3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological and Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

Journal of Microencapsulation
|April 10, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel bromocriptine nanoemulsion for Parkinson's disease treatment, enhancing drug delivery to the brain via the intranasal route. The formulation shows improved bioavailability and stability, offering a promising alternative to oral bromocriptine.

Keywords:
BromocriptineParkinson’s diseasenano-emulsionzeta potentialβ-cyclodextrin

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bromocriptine (BCM) exhibits poor oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and limited absorption.
  • Effective delivery of dopaminergic agonists to the brain is crucial for Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment.
  • Current delivery methods face challenges in overcoming systemic barriers and achieving targeted brain delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a β-cyclodextrin-functionalized bromocriptine nanoemulsion for enhanced solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
  • To facilitate direct intranasal brain delivery of bromocriptine, bypassing systemic metabolism.
  • To improve therapeutic efficacy for Parkinson's disease with reduced systemic side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions using high-shear homogenization.
  • Characterization via SEM, Malvern Zetasizer (globule size, zeta potential), FTIR, XRD, and DSC.
  • Evaluation of drug content, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation.
  • Stability studies (centrifugation, freeze-thaw), docking studies, and histopathological evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Uniform nano-sized globular particles (117.2 nm) with a low PDI (0.810) and good colloidal stability (zeta potential -10.5 mV).
  • High encapsulation efficiency (95.36%) and drug load (9.5% w/w) in the optimized formulation (F4).
  • Significant in vitro drug release (85.65%) and ex vivo permeation (78.44%), with demonstrated stability and excellent biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The developed β-cyclodextrin-functionalized bromocriptine nanoemulsion effectively enhances drug delivery and stability.
  • Intranasal delivery via this nanoemulsion offers a promising strategy for Parkinson's disease treatment.
  • The formulation demonstrates potential for improved therapeutic outcomes with minimized systemic adverse effects.