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Reconciling Gene Tree Discordance and Biogeography in European Crows.

Chyi Yin Gwee1,2, Dirk Metzler1, Jérôme Fuchs3

  • 1Division of Evolutionary Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.

Molecular Ecology
|April 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Evolutionary history in crows is complex due to gene flow. A single gene locus for color, under sexual selection, resisted gene homogenization, revealing key evolutionary processes.

Keywords:
gene treegenomic landscapeintrogressionislands of differentiationisolation‐with‐migrationsuture zone

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Reconstructing evolutionary histories of diverging lineages with gene flow is challenging due to incomplete lineage sorting, introgression, and selection.
  • The European crow hybrid zone between carrion crows (Corvus corone) and hooded crows (Corvus cornix) presents a model system for studying these processes.
  • Most of the crow genome shows similarity between carrion and hooded crows, except for a major color-locus influenced by sexual selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary processes shaping the European crow species complex.
  • To reconstruct the biogeographic history and understand patterns of gene flow and divergence.
  • To identify the role of specific loci, like the color-locus, in maintaining species boundaries.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of the biogeographic history of the crow species complex.
  • Analysis of allele sharing at the color-locus and across the genome.
  • Testing models of introgression and assessing the relationship between introgression and recombination rates.

Main Results:

  • Pleistocene refugia in Iberia for carrion crows and the Middle East for hooded crows shaped their distribution.
  • Allele sharing at the color-locus between Western European carrion crows and Iberian crows suggests ancient ancestry resisting gene flow.
  • A single color-locus under sexual selection resisted genome-wide homogenization by hooded crow gene flow, with no evidence of genome-wide barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Few large-effect loci under divergent sexual selection can resist extensive gene exchange in young species complexes.
  • Population demography and biogeography are crucial for interpreting gene tree discordance.
  • The study highlights how specific loci can maintain divergence despite ongoing gene flow.